How to Clean a Hot Tub: Complete Step-by-Step Guide

Step 2: Drain the Hot Tub

Turn off all power at the breaker or isolator switch before beginning the drainage process. This protects your pump and heater from damage as water levels drop.



Use your hot tub drain valve or a submersible pump to remove all water. If using a pump, ensure you direct the water away from your home’s foundation and any delicate landscaping. Complete drainage typically takes 1-2 hours depending on your tub’s capacity and chosen method.



A 400-gallon hot tub (standard size) will require patience during this process, but thorough drainage is essential for effective cleaning.



Step 3: Clean the Shell and Jets

With empty tub exposed, wipe down the interior shell using a damp cloth and hot tub-specific surface cleaner. For stubborn stains or mineral buildup, use a soft brush—never abrasive materials that could scratch the acrylic surface.



Pay special attention to the water line area where oils and scum typically accumulate. Clean each jet individually, removing them if possible for thorough soaking in your cleaning solution.



If you don’t have commercial hot tub cleaner available, you can create an alternative solution using 1 part white vinegar to 4 parts warm water. However, rinse thoroughly afterward to prevent any cleaner residue from affecting future water chemistry.



Step 4: Clean the Filters

Remove all spa filters and photograph their position for proper reinstallation—this simple step prevents confusion later. Rinse filters with your garden hose to remove loose debris, then soak them in filter cleaner solution for 15-30 minutes.



After soaking, rinse thoroughly and inspect for damage. Hot tub filters should be replaced every 12-18 months, or sooner if routine cleaning no longer restores proper water flow. Having two filters allows you to rotate them, ensuring one is always clean and dry.



Place rinsed filters in your filter housing unit only after they’re completely clean and free of cleaning solution residue.



Step 5: Clean Headrests and Pillows

Remove all headrest cushions and pillows from your spa. These components can harbor moisture and microbial contaminants in areas that normal water circulation doesn’t reach effectively.



Wipe pillows with warm water and mild detergent, paying attention to the shell areas behind them where dirt and oils accumulate. Allow pillows to air dry completely before reinstalling to prevent mold formation.



This step is often overlooked but critical for maintaining a truly clean hot tub environment.



Step 6: Clean the Cover and Exterior

Your hot tub cover bears the brunt of UV exposure, weather, and chemical vapors. Start by spraying it with your hose to remove loose dirt and debris.

Clean the cover using an approved hot tub cover cleaner and soft cloth. For stubborn mold or mildew, a diluted bleach solution (no more than 10% bleach) may be used with extreme caution—never allow any water or cleaner to contact electrical components.

Wipe exterior panels with neutral detergent, avoiding control panels and electrical areas entirely. Use only a damp (not wet) cloth around any electronic components.

Step 7: Refill and Balance the Water

Close all drain valves and reinstall your clean filters before beginning the refill process. Place your garden hose directly in the filter housing unit during filling—this prevents airlocks that can hinder water circulation.



Fill to the proper water level, typically the middle of your skimmer opening. Once full, systematically test and adjust chemicals to achieve proper pH (7.2-7.6) and add sanitizer before first use.



If possible, use a hose filter during refilling to reduce mineral impurities that contribute to faster water deterioration.



Regular Maintenance Between Deep Cleans

Maintaining your hot tub between quarterly deep cleans requires consistent attention to water chemistry and basic cleanliness protocols.



Daily and Weekly Tasks

Test water chemistry 2-3 times per week, adjusting pH and sanitizer levels as needed. Add chlorine or bromine sanitizer after each use, especially if multiple people have used the spa.



Encourage all users to shower before entering to reduce oils, lotions, and other contaminants. This simple step significantly extends time between water changes and reduces chemical consumption.



Keep your hot tub covered when not in use—this single habit prevents most environmental contamination and reduces heat loss.

Filter Rotation and Care

Establish a regular cleaning schedule for your hot tub filter. Weekly rinsing removes accumulated debris, while monthly deep cleaning with filter cleaner removes oils and fine particles that rinsing alone cannot address.

If you experience water pressure issues or reduced jet performance, check your filters first—clogged filters are the most common cause of circulation problems.

Troubleshooting Common Water Issues

Even with proper maintenance, you may encounter water quality problems that require specific interventions.

Cloudy Water

Cloudiness typically results from inadequate filtration or excessive Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). Use a flocculant product to clump fine particles, making them easier for your filter to capture. Clean filters immediately after treatment and consider replacing them if cloudiness persists.

Green Water and Odors

Green water indicates algae growth from insufficient sanitization. Address this with shock dosing—a concentrated sanitizer treatment—while ensuring pH levels are properly balanced. Algae thrives in improperly balanced water, so test and adjust chemicals systematically.

Foam Formation

Excessive foam usually stems from detergent residues, body oils, or cosmetic products. Test for chemical imbalances first, then use an anti-foam product designed for spas. If foaming persists, a partial water change may be necessary to reduce bather load contamination.

Strong Chemical Smell

Contrary to popular belief, strong chlorine odors often indicate too little sanitizer, not too much. When chlorine combines with contaminants, it creates chloramines that produce the characteristic “pool smell.” Test sanitizer levels and add fresh chlorine to break down these compounds.

Seasonal Cleaning Considerations

Your hot tub’s cleaning needs vary with seasons and usage patterns.

Spring Startup

After winter storage or reduced use, perform a complete deep clean before resuming regular operation. Check all seals, jets, and equipment for winter damage, and replace filters if they’ve been stored for extended periods.

Summer Maintenance

Higher usage during warm months requires increased attention to water chemistry and more frequent filter cleaning. Consider reducing time between water changes if you’re entertaining frequently or have increased bather load.

Fall Preparation

Deep clean before reduced usage periods to prevent stagnation issues. Properly balanced water requires less intervention during low-use periods.

Winter Care

Even in cold climates, maintain regular water balance monitoring. High-quality insulated hot tubs can operate year-round with proper maintenance routine adjustments.

Advanced Cleaning Technologies

Modern hot tub manufacturers are incorporating automated systems to reduce manual cleaning requirements. The Jacuzzi True Water System, for example uses 99.99% less chlorine and takes only 15 minutes a month of maintenance.

These systems still require regular filter maintenance and periodic water changes, but they can significantly reduce the time and effort required for routine care.

FAQ

Can I use household bleach to clean my hot tub? 

No, household bleach can damage the acrylic shell and disrupt water chemistry. Always use hot tub-specific cleaners to protect your investment and maintain warranty coverage.

Is vinegar safe for hot tub cleaning? 

While diluted white vinegar can occasionally help with mineral scale, avoid using it regularly as it can harm water balance and potentially damage sensitive components.

How often should I change the water? 

Every 1-3 months depending on usage. Daily users should change water monthly, while occasional users may extend intervals up to 4 months.

Can I refill with warm water? 

Yes, use water up to 40°C (104°F) to avoid shocking the acrylic shell, but never use hot water that could damage the surface.

Why does my water turn green? 

Green water indicates algae growth from insufficient sanitization. Increase chlorine levels and ensure pH is properly balanced.

How often should I clean the filter? 

Rinse weekly and deep clean monthly for optimal performance. Replace filters every 12-18 months or when cleaning no longer restores proper flow.

What causes foam in hot tub water? 

Foam results from contaminants like detergents, oils, and cosmetics. Remove the source, use anti-foam product, and consider partial water change if persistent.

Should I winterize my hot tub? 

High-quality insulated spas can run year-round with proper maintenance. Consult your owner’s manual for manufacturer-specific winterization recommendations.

Maintaining a clean hot tub requires commitment, but following these systematic procedures ensures safe, enjoyable soaking year-round. If you’re interested in learning more about which hot tubs are the easiest to maintain, there are several models designed for simplicity and low maintenance. Remember that consistency in your maintenance routine prevents most serious problems and extends your equipment’s lifespan significantly.